Which of these factors can lead to pipe corrosion in water distribution systems?

The correct answer highlights the critical role that water chemistry, temperature, and oxygen levels play in the corrosion of pipes within water distribution systems.

Water chemistry refers to the pH levels, mineral content, and overall chemical composition of the water. For instance, water that is too acidic or too alkaline can lead to the deterioration of metal pipes. In addition, certain ions and chemicals present in the water, such as chloride and sulfate, can accelerate the corrosion process.

Temperature is another significant factor; higher temperatures can increase the rate of chemical reactions, leading to faster corrosion. Oxygen levels can contribute to corrosion as well; when there is a higher presence of oxygen in water, it can promote oxidation, which is a primary mechanism of metal corrosion.

These factors can interact in complex ways. For example, high temperatures can increase the solubility of certain corrosive agents, while also being conducive to biofilm growth on pipe surfaces, which can further exacerbate corrosion.

In contrast, the other options do not involve the direct causes of corrosion in the same manner. The increased use of PVC materials pertains to corrosion resistance, as PVC does not corrode like metal pipes. Low pressure in the distribution network primarily affects flow and delivery rather than inducing corrosion. Lastly, while