What may happen if water pressure is too high in a distribution system?

High water pressure in a distribution system can lead to significant structural failures, particularly that pipes may burst. When the pressure exceeds the designed limits of the piping materials, it creates stress on the seams and joints. This can result in leaks, contamination of the water supply, and a substantial loss of water, leading to increased operational costs for the water utility and potential environmental impacts.

In contrast to the other options, the risk of pipes bursting due to excessive pressure is a direct and well-documented consequence in hydraulic engineering. The remaining options suggest situations that are unrelated to the effects of high water pressure in such systems. For example, chlorination levels are determined by water quality treatment protocols, freezing of water typically relates to temperature rather than pressure, and the ability to reach higher elevations generally pertains to insufficient pressure rather than excessive. Hence, the focus on the consequences of high pressure making pipes burst accurately reflects the operational and safety concerns relevant to water distribution systems.