What is the risk associated with water hammer in a water distribution system?

Water hammer is a phenomenon that occurs when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly, typically due to a valve closure or rapid changes in flow. This sudden stop creates shock waves in the water distribution system, which can lead to significant pressure surges.

The primary risk associated with water hammer is damage to pipes and fittings. The intense pressure spikes generated during a water hammer event can cause stress on the pipe material, leading to potential fractures, leaks, or even catastrophic failure. Fittings and joints are also susceptible to damage, which can result in costly repairs and system downtime.

While increased water pressure can occur momentarily during a water hammer event, the main concern is the pressure surges causing physical harm to the infrastructure. Similarly, while water hammer may affect flow dynamics and could influence flow rates and temperature stability indirectly, the direct and most pressing risk is associated with the potential for structural damage.