What is the primary purpose of a venturi tube in water systems?

The primary purpose of a venturi tube in water systems is to measure the rate of water flow. This is accomplished through the principle of fluid dynamics, where the venturi effect occurs. As water flows through the tube, it passes through a constricted section. According to Bernoulli's principle, when the cross-sectional area of the flow decreases, the velocity of the fluid increases while the pressure drops. By measuring the pressure differential between the wider and narrower sections of the tube, the flow rate can be calculated accurately.

This measurement capability is crucial for ensuring proper flow rates in various applications, such as irrigation systems, municipal water supply, and industrial processes. The design of the venturi tube allows for consistent and reliable monitoring without significant moving parts, making it an efficient tool for flow measurement in water distribution systems.