What does the term "water hardness" refer to?

Water hardness specifically refers to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions found in water. These minerals dissolve into water from various sources, such as soil and rock formations, when rainwater percolates through them. The measurement of water hardness is important because it influences how water interacts with soaps and detergents, as well as its effect on plumbing and appliances.

Hard water can cause scale build-up in pipes and water heaters, reducing efficiency and lifespan, and may necessitate the use of water softeners in certain settings. Understanding water hardness is essential for water treatment professionals and those involved in distribution systems, as it can impact water quality and usability.