What are the effects of sediment buildup in water supply lines?

Sediment buildup in water supply lines primarily leads to reduced flow capacity and potential contamination, making this the correct answer. Over time, materials like silt, sand, rust, and organic matter can accumulate inside the pipes, which constricts the space that water can flow through. This constriction reduces the overall flow capacity, meaning that less water can pass through the system effectively, leading to lower pressure at delivery points.

Moreover, sediment can harbor bacteria and other pathogens, increasing the likelihood of contamination in the water supply. This contamination risk is detrimental not only to water quality but also to public health, emphasizing the importance of maintaining clean distribution systems.

The other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of sediment buildup. For instance, increased water pressure and improved water clarity are not associated with sediment accumulation, while decreased maintenance costs is generally untrue as maintenance typically increases due to the need for regular cleaning and repairs to address issues caused by sediment.